12 gauge ammo​

12 gauge ammo​ , throughout the 20th century, the military’s adoption of combat

shotguns created a demand for ammunition that could maximize the effectiveness

of these weapons while complying with international law. The 12-gauge bore

diameter became widely recognize as ideal for delivering a substantial number of

projectiles while maintaining manageable recoil. Its early popularity in sporting

applications made the 12-gauge a natural choice for military adaptation, as many

repeating firearm designs could be readily modified for combat use.

12 gauge shotgun

Although shotguns had been used in earlier conflicts, the trench warfare of World

War I highlighted the need for standard weapons and ammunition. Initially,

shotguns were issued with commercially produced paper-cased shotgun

shells, each containing nine 00 buckshot pellets measuring 0.33 inches (8.4

mm) in diameter. However, these paper-cased cartridges proved problematic in the

muddy and wet conditions of the trenches. 12 gauge ammo​

The cases often became swollen when

wet, causing inconsistent chambering and reliability issues.

To address these challenges, full-length brass cartridges were introduced, as

they were far more resistant to moisture and held up better during repeated loading

and unloading on patrols or watches. Some of these early brass cartridges featured

a distinctive sawtooth crimp, which set them apart from later designs.

12 gauge

The manufacture of full-length brass cartridges with 00 buckshot during World War

II was assigned 12 gauge, brass, shotgun, shell, No. 00 buckshot, M19.

After World War II, plastic shotgun shells were developed. They were just as strong

and water-resistant as the previous brass cartridges, and they also had the added

benefits of being less expensive and resistant to corrosion. The original production

of 00 buckshot for the Vietnam War was labeled Shell, shotgun, plastic case, 12

gauge, No. 00 buck, XM162, and it was loaded into the same red plastic cases

used for sporting ammunition. Usually, the shells came in a metal ammunition box

with twelve cardboard boxes, each holding ten rounds.

Firstly, During World War II, the production of full-length brass shotgun cartridges with 00

buckshot was standardized under the designation 12 gauge, brass, shotgun

shell, No. 00 buckshot, M19. 12 gauge ammo​

After the war, the development of plastic shotgun shells revolution

ammunition design. These new shells were not only as strong and water-resistant

as brass cartridges but also offered additional advantages, such as lower cost and

resistance to corrosion. For the Vietnam War, the first plastic 00 buckshot

cartridges were designated Shell, shotgun, plastic case, 12 gauge, No. 00 buck,

XM162. These shells were typically loaded into red plastic cases similar to those

used for sporting ammunition and were pac in metal ammunition boxes, each

containing twelve cardboard boxes of ten rounds.

Secondly, Combat experience in Vietnam led to two key recommendations for enhancements.

Lessons learned from the performance of the 5.56×45mm NATO round and

reflections on earlier heavy bullet preferences from the Philippine–American War

were considered during this reevaluation. During the Vietnam War, plastic cases

containing tiny steel darts known as “flechettes” were distributed on a limited trial

basis. Twenty flechettes, each measuring 18.5 millimeters (0.73 in) in length and

weighing 7.3 grains (0.47 g), were included in Western Cartridge Company

cartridges. 12 gauge ammo​

12 gauge slugs

Lastly, The flechettes were held in place by a metal disk to stop the over-powder wad from

penetrating during acceleration down the bore, and they were enclosed in a plastic

cup with granulated white polyethylene to keep them aligned with the bore axis.

There were 25 flechettes in Federal Cartridge Company cartridges. In Federal

cartridges, the tips of the flechettes are visible, but in Western cartridges, they are

hidden by a traditional star crimp. [4] Compared to spherical buckshot, flechettes

had a flatter trajectory over longer ranges; however, their combat effectiveness did

not warrant their continued production.

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